{"id":4203,"date":"2023-03-12T03:36:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T03:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glycomantra.com\/sample\/?page_id=4203"},"modified":"2023-03-12T03:40:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T03:40:03","slug":"type-2-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/glycomantra.com\/sample\/type-2-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Type 2 Diabetes:"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row css_animation=”appear” center_row=”yes” bg_style=”stretch” video_bg_overlay=”none” css=”.vc_custom_1622132654161{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u00a0<\/strong>In the United States, diabetes is now the third leading cause of death (0.33 million) after heart disease and cancer. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which accounts for about 90% of all diabetes, is often associated with obesity. It happens when the pancreas doesn\u2019t release enough of the hormone, insulin, or the body\u2019s cells don\u2019t react to insulin. Obesity-associated insulin resistance is a hallmark of T2D and plays a central role in metabolic syndrome. Obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance mediated by macrophages and other immune cells are well connected.<\/p>\n

Despite many drugs available to treat T2D, no FDA-approved drugs directly work on the insulin receptor (IR) to overcome insulin resistance. Recent studies show that macrophage-derived galectin-3 can bind directly to the IR and inhibit downstream IR signaling causing insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obesity-induced T2D (see Figure 5<\/strong>). Gal3 is also known to amplify beta-cell apoptosis and islet inflammation in T2D. Administration of galectin-3 to mice causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, whereas inhibition of galectin-3, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function, improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. These fundamental observations elucidate a novel role of Gal3 that promotes obesity-mediated inflammation (macrophage-derived galectin-3) and insulin resistance and suggest that specific inhibition of galectin-3 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to restore insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\n

At GlycoMantra, we have shown in relevant animal model that our drug GM101 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\n

\"Figure<\/p>\n

Figure 5. Role of Galectin-3 in the Promotion of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes.<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text]

<\/div>[vc_column_text]\n

Relevant Publications:<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u00a0<\/strong>Li P, Liu S et al: Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance.<\/a> Cell 2016, 167:973-984. [PubMed]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5179329\/<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Petrovic I, Pejnovic N et al: Overexpression of galectin 3 in pancreatic cells amplifies b-cell apoptosis and islet inflammation in type-2 diabetes in mice. Front. Endocrinol. 2020, 11:30 [PubMed]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7018709\/[\/vc_column_text]

      <\/div>Contact us<\/span><\/a> [\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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